Методы изучения малоподвижного образа жизни: возможности и ограничения

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В последние годы все больше внимания уделяется изучению физической активности как взрослых, так и детей. И если последствия отсутствия физической активности хорошо изучены, то такой показатель, как малоподвижное поведение, недооценивается. По данным ряда исследований, именно малоподвижный образ жизни связан с неблагоприятными последствиями для здоровья — смертностью от всех причин, развитием сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, сахарного диабета 2-го типа. Однако исследований, показывающих, какой продолжительности должен быть этот период, чтобы не повлиять на здоровье человека, на сегодняшний день недостаточно в связи с трудностями их проведения. В статье представлен несистематический обзор литературы, направленный на изучение методов (объективных и субъективных), доступных исследователям для идентификации малоподвижного поведения в условиях обычной жизни, с оценкой их практичности и объективности. Показано, что каждый метод оценки, будь то субъективный или объективный, имеет свои преимущества и недостатки. И поэтому сочетание методов оценки малоподвижного образа жизни на сегодняшний день является наиболее предпочтительным для обеспечения достоверного и надежного результата.

Ключевые слова:

малоподвижный образ жизни

физическая активность

прямое наблюдение

акселерометр

инклинометр

опросник

дневник

прокси-отчет

Авторы:

Помешкина С.А.

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России

ORCID: 0000-0003-3333-216X

Демченко Е.А.

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России

ORCID: 0000-0002-7173-0575

Дата поступления:

26.09.2023

Дата принятия в печать:

20.11.2023

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