OBJECTIVE
To evaluate patients’ smoking behavior during the first year after myocardial infarction (MI) according to a multicenter study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
It was an observational study that included patients with MI hospitalized in 16 clinics in 13 regions of the Russian Federation. The special randomization regimen included patients under 75 with MI who were alive the day following admission. The analysis of the primary survey data was carried out (immediately after the event (MI) and 6 and 12 months after hospitalization: the status and intensity of smoking — the number of cigarettes smoked). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics v.25 software for Windows.
RESULTS
The rate of current smoking among men before the onset of MI was significantly higher than among women (p<0.001) and higher than in the Russian population (52.0 and 43.3%, respectively, p<0.001). During the clinical observation, the number of current smokers among men decreased by 21.4% (p<0.001) at 6 months, by 18.8% (p<0.001) at 12 months; among women — by 50.0% (p=0.058) and 72.2% (p=0.005), respectively, compared with the rate of smoking before MI. The number of non-smoking men increased 6 months after MI by 33.9% (p<0.001), at 12 months — by 31.3% (p<0.001); the number of non-smoking women increased by 8.6% over the same period (p=0.045), and in general, over 12 months, changes in the number of non-smoking women were not statistically significant. Similar changes in smoking behavior occurred in the age categories <60 years and 60—75 years. The number of heavy smokers among men with MI who smoked more than 20 cigarettes a day decreased by 76.6% after 6 months (p<0.001) and by 90.9% after 12 months (p<0.001). There were no heavy smokers among the women with MI. The number of men who smoked up to 10 cigarettes daily increased by 80.8% (p<0.001) 6 months after MI and by 86.0% (p<0.001) 12 months after MI. The changes in women in the same group were not statistically significant. One year after MI, 43.3% of men and 2.9% of women continued to smoke.
CONCLUSION
The analysis of smoking behavior during the 12-month follow-up of a sample of men and women who had a myocardial infarction showed that many patients did not completely quit smoking but only reduced its intensity (the number of cigarettes smoked).
