Искусственный интеллект в патологической анатомии

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В обзоре представлены ключевые концепции и мировые разработки в области искусственного интеллекта (ИИ), применяемые в патологической анатомии. В работе рассматривается два типа ИИ: слабый и сильный. Проведен обзор экспериментальных алгоритмов, использующих как глубокое машинное обучение, так и технологии компьютерного зрения для работы с WSI-изображениями препаратов, диагностики и определения прогноза различных злокачественных новообразований. Установлено, что слабый ИИ на данном этапе развития компьютерной (цифровой) патологической анатомии значительно лучше ускоряет и уточняет диагностические процедуры, нежели сильный ИИ, обладающий признаками общего интеллекта. В статье также рассматриваются три варианта дальнейшего развития ИИ-помощников врача-патологоанатома на базе технологий больших языковых моделей ChatGPT (PathAsst), Flan-PaLM2 и LIMA. В результате анализа литературы выявлены ключевые проблемы области: оснащенность учреждений, недостаток экспертов по обучению нейросетей, отсутствие строгих критериев клинической состоятельности технологий ИИ-диагностики.

Ключевые слова:

анализ WSI

патологическая анатомия

ИИ-помощник патологоанатома

глубокое машинное обучение

нейронные сети

искусственный интеллект

Авторы:

Соловьев И.А.

ФГБОУ ВО «Сыктывкарский государственный университет им. Питирима Сорокина»

ORCID: 0000-0002-1038-2271

Дата поступления:

30.10.2023

Дата принятия в печать:

27.12.2023

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