Новые вирусные инфекции

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В обзоре рассмотрены вирусы, появившиеся в человеческой популяции в течение последних 40 лет, попадающие под определение эмерджентных: вирусы Хендра (Hendra virus, HeV) и Нипах (Nipah virus, NiV) из семейства Paramyxoviridae; SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV и SARS-CoV-2 из семейства Coronaviridae. Описаны сходства и различия их основных характеристик: путей инфицирования животных и человека, использования рецепторов, подавление начальных стадий иммунного ответа, а также сделана попытка выявить общие тенденции их эволюции. Эти вирусы имеют широкий круг хозяев с потенциалом дальнейшего расширения и обусловливают системный характер инфекции вследствие использования рецепторов, которые в большом количестве экспрессируют клетки разных тканей, в том числе центральной нервной системы. Вследствие высокой контагиозности этих вирусов заболевания распространяются стремительно, охватывая одновременно большое число людей. При подобных ситуациях требуется незамедлительное осуществление противоэпидемических мероприятий, направленных на прерывание цепочек передачи инфекции и создание коллективного иммунитета. Для этого параллельно идет создание антивирусных вакцин и средств специфической антивирусной терапии. Высказаны соображения относительно своевременного выявления новых вирусных инфекций, принятия противоэпидемических мер и стратегии специфической профилактики и терапии.

Ключевые слова:

эмерджентные инфекции

РНК-вирусы

вирус Хендра (HeV)

вирус Нипах (NiV)

бетакоронавирусы

SARS-CoV

MERS-CoV

SARS-CoV-2

обзор

Авторы:

Сергеев О.В.

ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)

ORCID: 0000-0003-3407-2224

Волчкова Е.В.

ORCID: 0000-0003-4581-4510

Дарвина О.В.

ORCID: 0000-0001-8496-3987

Белая О.Ф.

ORCID: 0000-0002-2722-1335

Дата поступления:

15.01.2024

Дата принятия в печать:

14.02.2024

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