Регуляторная роль кишечной микробиоты в воспалении при депрессии и тревоге

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В многочисленных исследованиях была определена важная роль кишечной микробиоты в поддержании нормальной работы ЦНС и патогенезе психических расстройств в качестве одной из систем, регулирующих двунаправленную связь между кишечником и мозгом. Было обнаружено, что микробиота участвует в модуляции воспаления, а также в развитии и функционировании иммунной и нервной системы. Предполагается, что в многоклеточных организмах нервная и иммунная системы эволюционировали совместно с микробиотой, находясь с ней во взаимодействии, чтобы оптимизировать способность организма адаптироваться к широкому спектру стрессов окружающей среды в целях поддержания постоянства его гомеостаза. В норме микробы обитают в стабильных сообществах, тогда как в условиях даже легкого, а тем более хронического социального стресса происходят значительные сдвиги в составе микробиоты, которые приводят к развитию дисбиоза, сопряженного с изменениями метаболитов микробиоты с формированием физиологических изменений и поведения, характерных для стресса и депрессии. Микробы влияют на активацию периферических иммунных клеток, которые регулируют реакцию нейровоспаления, аутоиммунные реакции и нейрогенез. В обзоре дано краткое представление о микробиоте кишечника в норме, описываются факторы, влияющие на состояние микробиоты, рассматриваются также недавние открытия, касающиеся регулирующего влияния микробиоты кишечника на функции ЦНС, иммунную систему и воспаление в патогенезе депрессии и тревоги.

Ключевые слова:

микробиота

пребиотик

пробиотик

иммунная система

воспаление

стресс

тревога

депрессия

Авторы:

Васильева Е.Ф.

ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья»

ORCID: 0000-0002-0218-833X

Дата поступления:

30.05.2023

Дата принятия в печать:

17.08.2023

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