Качество сна, эмоционально-поведенческие нарушения и пищевое поведение у подростков с ожирением: модель, основанная на анализе сети

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ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

Выявление стойких ассоциаций между качеством сна, симптомами эмоциональных и поведенческих нарушений, а также характеристиками пищевого поведения у подростков с ожирением на основе анализа сети.

МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ

Обследованы 194 подростка в возрасте 12—17 лет (76 девочек, 118 мальчиков) с подтвержденным диагнозом «ожирение, обусловленное избыточным поступлением энергетических ресурсов» (МКБ-10: код E66.0). Качество сна исследовалось на основе опросника Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale (ASWS), эмоциональные и поведенческие нарушения — опросника AchenbachYouth Self-Report for Ages11-18 (YSR), пищевое поведение — опросника Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). Использовался анализ сети (network analysis), направленный на выявление наиболее существенных и устойчивых ассоциаций между изученными показателями.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

Выявлено наличие стойких ассоциаций плохого качества сна с проявлениями неконтролируемого поведения в форме нарушений правил поведения, агрессивности, нарушения внимания. Отмечено наличие положительных ассоциативных связей между проявлениями неконтролируемого поведения (прежде всего несоблюдением норм поведения) и эмоциональным пищевым поведением, которое в свою очередь имело положительную связь с экстернальным и отрицательную — с рестриктивным пищевым поведением. Неконтролируемое поведение подростков сочетается с неконтролируемым приемом пищи, что может способствовать формированию ожирения.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

Нарушение качества сна, симптомы эмоциональных и поведенческих расстройств и нарушенное пищевое поведение у подростков с ожирением представляют устойчивый и специфический клинический паттерн, что требует учета при обосновании терапии.

Ключевые слова:

анализ сети

ожирение

пищевое поведение

сон

эмоции

Авторы:

Кельмансон И.А.

ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России;
СПбГАОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный институт психологии и социальной работы»

ORCID: 0000-0002-4449-2786

Дата поступления:

11.03.2023

Дата принятия в печать:

16.03.2023

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